Abdominal compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a scoping review / Compresiones abdominales durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar: una revisión de alcance / Compressões abdominais durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the scientific evidence on the use of abdominal compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with cardiac arrest. Methods: this is a scoping review based on the question: "What is the evidence regarding the use of abdominal compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with cardiac arrest?". Publications up to August 2022 were collected from eight databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews was used. Results: seventeen publications were included. The identified general population consisted of adults and elderly individuals. The primary outcome revealed significant rates of return of spontaneous circulation. Secondary outcomes indicated a significant improvement in heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and other outcomes. Conclusions: abdominal compressions have been shown to be beneficial. However, further clinical studies are needed to identify the best execution method and its impacts.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear la evidencia científica sobre el uso de compresiones abdominales durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar en pacientes con paro cardíaco. Métodos: esta es una revisión de alcance basada en la pregunta: "¿Cuál es la evidencia con respecto al uso de compresiones abdominales durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar en pacientes con paro cardíaco?". Se recopilaron publicaciones hasta agosto de 2022 de ocho bases de datos. Se utilizó la extensión de Informes Preferidos para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis para Revisiones de Alcance. Resultados: se incluyeron diecisiete publicaciones. La población general identificada estaba compuesta por adultos y personas mayores. El resultado primario reveló tasas significativas de retorno de la circulación espontánea. Los resultados secundarios indicaron una mejora significativa en la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial, la saturación de oxígeno y otros resultados. Conclusiones: las compresiones abdominales han demostrado ser beneficiosas. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios clínicos para identificar el mejor método de ejecución y sus impactos.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear as evidências científicas sobre o uso de compressões abdominais durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar em pacientes com parada cardiorrespiratória. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, baseada na questão: "quais são as evidências sobre o uso de compressões abdominais durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar em pacientes com parada cardiorrespiratória?". Foram coletadas as publicações até agosto de 2022 em oito bases de dados. Foi utilizado o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Resultados: incluiu-se 17 publicações. O público geral identificado foi composto por adultos e idosos. O desfecho primário evidenciou taxas significativas de retorno da circulação espontânea. Os desfechos secundários indicaram melhora significativa na frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, saturação de oxigênio e outros resultados. Conclusões: as compressões abdominais mostraram-se benéficas. No entanto, mais estudos clínicos são necessários para identificar o melhor método de execução e seus impactos.

Clinicopathological features of intraabdominal bronchogenic cyst: an analysis of 8 cases / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features of intraabdominal bronchogenic cyst.Methods:The clinical data of 8 patients with intraabdominal bronchogenic cyst admitted in 3 Grade-A tertiary hospitals in Yunnan province between 2014 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical and pathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of intraabdominal bronchogenic cyst were reviewed.Results:There were 1 male and 7 females with an mean age of 45±12 years (21-65 years). Two patients presented with abdominal pain and 5 asymptomatic patients were found during physical examination. The cysts were located in retroperitoneum in 4 cases, located between the pancreas tail, spleen and the posterior wall of the stomach in 2 cases, located in the posterior wall of the stomach in 1 case, and located close to left adrenal gland in 1 case. Two patients had elevated tumor markers, while tumor markers in the remaining 6 cases were normal. Seven cases underwent laparoscopic complete cyst resection and 1 case had open surgical resection. The wall of most cysts were lined with respiratory epithelium and composed of goblet cells or pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The wall of cysts was composed of fibrous connective tissue or smooth muscle bundles, and the cavity contained serous mucous glands. Two cases showed cartilage tissue and one showed the infiltration of large number of inflammatory cells. The mean follow-up time was 31±32 months (range 5-107 months), and no recurrence or metastasis was found during the follow-up.Conclusions:Abdominal bronchogenic cyst is often found in adulthood, and most cases are symptomatic and found during physical examination. The diagnosis mainly depends on pathological examination, and tumor markers are not specific for its diagnosis. Surgery is the best way for treatment.

Diagnóstico, manejo y tratamiento de pacientes con peritonitis secundaria en una unidad de cirugía general / Diagnosis, management and treatment of patients with secondary peritonitis in a general surgery unit

La peritonitis es una inflamación aguda o crónica del peritoneo que generalmente tiene un origen infeccioso. Existen varios tipos, siendo la de tipo secundario la más frecuente. El término peritonitis secundaria se define como la inflamación localizada o generalizada de la membrana peritoneal causada por infección polimicrobiana posterior a la ruptura traumática o espontánea de una víscera o secundaria a la dehiscencia de anastomosis intestinales. Esta entidad se caracteriza por la presencia de pus en la cavidad peritoneal o de líquido; que, en el estudio microscópico directo, contiene leucocitos y bacterias. El tratamiento de esta patología constituye una urgencia y puede ser de tipo clínico y/o quirúrgico. El objetivo del manejo operatorio se basa en identificar y eliminar la causa de la infección, recoger muestras microbiológicas, realizar una limpieza peritoneal y prevenir la recidiva. El tratamiento clínico se ocupa de las consecuencias de la infección mediante la reanimación perioperatoria y el tratamiento antibiótico1. A pesar de los avances en diagnóstico, procedimientos quirúrgicos, terapia antimicrobiana y cuidados intensivos, la mortalidad asociada con la peritonitis secundaria grave es aún muy alta. El pronóstico y el manejo oportuno representan la clave para mejorar la sobrevida y reducir la mortalidad asociada a infecciones intraabdominales extensas2. Es importante establecer lineamientos en cuanto al diagnóstico, manejo antibiótico y pautas de tratamiento quirúrgico para disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a esta enfermedad. Palabras clave: Peritonitis; Peritoneo; Cavidad Abdominal/cirugía; Cavidad Peritoneal; Líquido Ascítico/patología; Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos.

Peritonitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the peritoneum that generally has an infectious origin. There are several types, with secondary peritonitis being the most frequent. The term secondary peritonitis is defined as localized or generalized inflammation of the peritoneal membrane caused by polymicrobial infection following traumatic or spontaneous rupture of a viscus or secondary to dehiscence of intestinal anastomoses. This entity is characterized by the presence of pus in the peritoneal cavity or fluid which, on direct microscopic examination, contains leukocytes and bacteria. The treatment of this pathology constitutes an emergency and can be clinical and/or surgical. The aim of operative management is based on identifying and eliminating the cause of the infection, collecting microbiological samples, performing peritoneal cleansing and preventing recurrence. Clinical management deals with the consequences of the infection by perioperative resuscitation and antibiotic treatment1 . Despite advances in diagnosis, surgical procedures, antimicrobial therapy and intensive care, mortality associated with severe secondary peritonitis is still very high. Prognosis and timely management represent the key to improving survival and reducing mortality associated with extensive intra-abdominal infections2. It is important to establish guidelines for diagnosis, antibiotic management and surgical treatment guidelines to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.

Gossypiboma: un interesante hallazgo incidental. Presentación de un caso / Gossypiboma: aninteresting incidental finding. Presentation of a case / Gossipiboma: um achado incidental interessante. Apresentação de um caso

RESUMEN Introducción: el textiloma es un evento conocido, pero de escasa aparición. De modo más común se describen como cuerpos extraños abandonados en el cuerpo después de la cirugía. El sitio más frecuente de presentación es la cavidad abdominal, aunque la región torácica, los músculos paraespinales, los miembros inferiores y el cráneo, pueden verse comprometidos. Presentación de caso: paciente femenina de 36 años con antecedentes de cesárea un año antes y microcesárea hace dos meses por presentar un quiste mesentérico que se diagnosticó en consulta obstétrica de seguimiento. Asistió al servicio de cirugía y con la administración de anestesia combinada (general orotraqueal y regional epidural continua) se realizó laparotomía exploradora y exéresis de la lesión. El estudio anatomopatológico informó un textiloma. El postoperatorio transcurrió sin complicaciones y la paciente fue dada de alta 12 días después de la cirugía. Discusión: el textiloma es una complicación poco frecuente. En ocasiones por la escasa sospecha clínica e informes radiológicos no concluyentes, puede pasar inadvertido. El tratamiento incluye medidas de prevención y la remoción completa del mismo evita complicaciones mortales. Conclusiones: ante un paciente con tumoración abdominal y antecedentes previos de cirugía, el textiloma debe considerarse como un diagnóstico diferencial. El estudio anatomopatológico representa un examen seguro, confiable y vital para el diagnóstico certero de esta eventualidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the textilema is a known event, but of scarce appearance. They are most commonly described as foreign bodies left in the body after surgery. The most common site of presentation is the abdominal cavity, although the thoracic region, the paraspinal muscles, the lower limbs, and the skull may be involved. Case presentation: a 36-year-old female patient with a history of cesarean section a year earlier and a micro-cesarean section two months ago due to a mesenteric cyst that was diagnosed in a follow-up obstetric consultation. He attended the surgery service and with the administration of combined anesthesia (general orotracheal and continuous epidural regional) an exploratory laparotomy and exeresis of the lesion was performed. The anatomopathological study reported a textoma. The postoperative period was uncomplicated and the patient was discharged 12 days after surgery. Discussion: Textilema is a rare complication. Sometimes due to low clinical suspicion and inconclusive radiological reports, it can go unnoticed. The treatment includes preventive measures and its complete removal avoids fatal complications. Conclusions: faced with a patient with an abdominal tumor and a previous history of surgery, textiloma should be considered as a differential diagnosis. The anatomopathological study represents a safe, reliable and vital test for the accurate diagnosis of this eventuality.

RESUMO Introdução: o textilema é um evento conhecido, mas de escassa aparição. Eles são mais comumente descritos como corpos estranhos deixados no corpo após a cirurgia. O local mais comum de apresentação é a cavidade abdominal, embora a região torácica, os músculos paravertebrais, os membros inferiores e o crânio possam estar envolvidos. Apresentação do caso: paciente do sexo feminino, 36 anos, com histórico de cesariana há um ano e microcesárea há dois meses devido a cisto mesentérico diagnosticado em consulta obstétrica de acompanhamento. Atendeu ao serviço de cirurgia e com a administração de anestesia combinada (orotraqueal geral e regional peridural contínua) foi realizada laparotomia exploradora e exérese da lesão. O estudo anatomopatológico relatou textoma. O pós-operatório transcorreu sem complicações e o paciente recebeu alta 12 dias após a cirurgia. Discussão: o textilema é uma complicação rara. Às vezes, devido à baixa suspeita clínica e laudos radiológicos inconclusivos, pode passar despercebido. O tratamento inclui medidas preventivas e sua remoção completa evita complicações fatais. Conclusões: diante de um paciente com tumor abdominal e história prévia de cirurgia, o textiloma deve ser considerado como diagnóstico diferencial. O estudo anatomopatológico representa um exame seguro, confiável e vital para o diagnóstico preciso dessa eventualidade.

Superioridad del APACHE-II para el pronóstico de mortalidad después de cirugía abdominal urgente: estudio multicéntrico

RESUMEN Introducción: El pronóstico de mortalidad del paciente, después de una cirugía abdominal, requiere de sistemas de ayuda que sean a la vez eficaces y reproducibles. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia de tres procedimientos en la predicción de la mortalidad de pacientes laparotomizados de urgencia. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico observacional de cohorte prospectiva con 200 pacientes en el posoperatorio de cirugía abdominal mayor urgente atendidos en los hospitales "Miguel Enríquez", "Carlos J. Finlay" y "Hermanos Ameijeiras" entre noviembre de 2016 y noviembre 2018. Se aplicaron media, desviación estándar, mediana y rango intercuartílico para la comparación entre vivos y fallecidos y se calculó la probabilidad de morir según el modelo que incluye ambos procedimientos. Se evaluó la capacidad de discriminación mediante la construcción de tres curvas de características operacionales del receptor, sus áreas bajo las curvas e intervalos de confianza. Resultados: La mortalidad total fue de 38 % y predominó significativamente en los pacientes de mayor edad, con mayor número de complicaciones, los reoperados y aquellos con hallazgos sépticos durante la reoperación. El poder predictivo fue mayor para el APACHE II en comparación a los otros dos procedimientos (área bajo la curva 0,912, IC 95 %: 0,840-0,933, p< 0,001). Conclusiones: El APACHE II es un modelo eficaz y confiable para la predicción de la mortalidad de pacientes en el posoperatorio de cirugía mayor de urgencia, que lo hacen muy recomendable para este propósito.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The mortality prognosis of patients after abdominal surgery demands effective and reproducible aid systems. Objective: To compare the efficacy of three procedures in predicting mortality in emergency laparotomy patients. Methods: Prospective cohort observational multicenter study with 200 patients in the postoperative period of urgent major abdominal surgery assisted at the "Miguel Enríquez", "Carlos J Finlay", "Hermanos Ameijeiras" hospitals between November 2016 and November 2018. Mean, standard deviation median and interquartile range measures were applied for the comparison between living and deceased and the probability of dying was calculated according to the model that includes both procedures. Discrimination capacity was evaluated by constructing three curves of receiver operational characteristics, areas under the curves and confidence intervals were determined. Results: Total mortality was 38% and significantly prevailed in older patients, with a greater number of complications, reoperated patients, and those with septic findings during reoperation. Predictive power was higher for APACHE II compared to the other two procedures (area under the curve 0.912, CI 95%: 0.840-0.933, p< 0.001). Conclusions: APACHE II is an effective and reliable model for predicting mortality in patients in the postoperative period of major emergency surgery, which makes it highly recommended for this purpose.

Implantación intraabdominal de un injerto renal con dos arterias renales en un receptor pediátrico de bajo peso. Primer caso reportado en el Paraguay / Intra-abdominal implantation of a kidney graft with two renal arteries in a low-weight pediatric recipient. First case reported in Paraguay

El trasplante renal de órganos provenientes de donantes adultos implantados en una cavidad anatómica estrecha en pacientes pediátricos de bajo peso, ofrece importantes desafíos médicos y quirúrgicos a ser considerados. En esta publicación reportamos el primer caso en el Paraguay de un riñón con dos arterias renales injertado a la aorta y vena cava inferior, dentro de la cavidad abdominal de un paciente pediátrico de 12 kilogramos de peso, evaluando las dificultades médicas, anatómicas y quirúrgicas enfrentadas, así como las opciones de tratamiento instituidas para llevar a cabo este procedimiento de manera exitosa

Kidney transplantation of organs from adult donors implanted into a narrow anatomical cavity in underweight pediatric patients offers significant medical and surgical challenges to be considered. In this publication we report the first case in Paraguay of a kidney with two renal arteries, grafted to the aorta and inferior vena cava within the abdominal cavity, on a 12 kilogram pediatric patient, evaluating the medical, anatomical and surgical conditions faced, as well as the treatment options instituted to successfully carry out this procedure

Validez de tres procedimientos para la predicción de reoperación en cirugía abdominal: estudio de cohorte / Validity of three procedures for predicting reoperation in abdominal surgery: a cohort study

Introducción: Resulta difícil diagnosticar con certeza la necesidad de reoperar a un paciente después de cirugía abdominal mayor. Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de tres procedimientos para la predicción de la reoperación en cirugía abdominal. Métodos: Estudio explicativo, de cohorte, prospectivo, realizado de noviembre de 2016 a abril de 2017; 146 pacientes en posoperatorio de cirugía abdominal mayor, ingresados consecutivamente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Militar Central Dr. Carlos J. Finlay. Para ser reoperados, los pacientes fueron evaluados según criterios clínicos, de laboratorio e imágenes. De forma independiente, se estimó la probabilidad de requerir una reoperación mediante el Acute Re-intervention Predictive Index, el Sistema de Ayuda al Pronóstico de Reoperación en Cirugía Abdominal (SAPRCA) y la presión intraabdominal. Se aplicó la curva característica operativa del receptor y se seleccionó el mejor punto de corte con sus indicadores de validez. Resultados: Fueron reoperados 23 pacientes (15,8 por ciento). El área bajo la curva característica operativa del receptor (ABC) de los tres puntajes fue > 0,8, con excelente capacidad de discriminación, pero con diferencias significativas entre ellas (p < 0,001). El SAPRCA tuvo mejor desempeño (ABC = 0,965; CI 0,933 - 0,997), seguido de la presión intraabdominal (ABC = 0,939; CI 0,892 - 0,987) y el Acute Re-intervention Predictive Index (ABC = 0,863, CI 0,789 - 0,938). Conclusiones: El SAPRCA mostró un excelente desempeño y una eficacia superior a la demostrada por los otros dos procedimientos, que lo hace recomendable para pronosticar la necesidad de reoperar después de cirugía abdominal mayor(AU)

Introduction: It is difficult to diagnose with certainty the need to reoperate a patient after major abdominal surgery. Objective: To assess the validity of three procedures for predicting reoperation in abdominal surgery. Method: Explanatory, cohort, prospective study, from November 2016 to April 2017, 146 patients in postoperative period of major abdominal surgery, consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit of the Hospital "Carlos J Finlay". To decide on reoperation, patients were evaluated according to clinical, laboratory and imaging criteria. Independently, the probability of requiring a reoperation was estimated using the Acute Re-intervention Predictive Index, the Abdominal Surgery Reoperation Prognosis Aid System and intra-abdominal pressure. To analyse their usefulness, the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was applied and the best cut-off point with its validity indicators was selected. Results: 23 patients (15.8 percent) were reoperated. The area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of the three scores was above 0.8, with an excellent ability to discriminate between patients who really required reoperation and those who did not, but with significant differences between them (p <0.001). The Abdominal Surgery Reoperation Prognosis Aid System had the best performance, with an AUC = 0.965 (CI 0.933-0.997), followed by the intra-abdominal pressure (AUC = 0.939, CI 0.892-0.987) and the Acute Re-intervention Predictive Index (AUC = 0.863, CI 0.789-0.938). Conclusions: The Abdominal Surgery Reoperation Prognosis Aid System shows an excellent performance and an efficiency superior to that demonstrated by the other two procedures, which makes it recommendable to predict the need to reoperate after major abdominal surgery(AU)

Splenic artery tortuosity index on abdominal CT Scan: correlation with age, sex, BMI and abdominal cavity diameters / Índice de tortuosidad de la arteria esplénica en TC abdominal: correlación con la edad, el sexo, el IMC y los diámetros de la cavidad abdominal

Thorough knowledge of splenic artery course and morphology may help clinician to provide better practice. This Study aims at finding out if there was a relationship between splenic artery tortuosity index and age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI) and abdominal cavity diameters. Routine abdominal Computerized Tomography (CT) scan images were retrospectively analyzed for 219 patients. Splenic artery tortuosity index was calculated. Abdominal cavity diameters were measured. Age, sex, and BMI were recorded. Splenic artery straight length (x) mean was 9.41 cm (SD 1.33). Splenic artery tortuous length mean was 15.15 cm (SD 3.31). Splenic artery tortuosity index mean was 1.63 (SD 0.36). Pearson correlation coefficient for Splenic artery tortuosity index vs. age was: 0.02 (P value 0.80). Splenic artery tortuosity index for females vs. males were 1.70 vs. 1.57 (P value 0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient for Splenic artery tortuosity index vs. BMI was 0.02 (P value 0.75). Pearson correlation coefficient for Splenic artery tortuosity index vs. abdominal cavity diameters were: Anterior-Posterior (AP) diameter -0.01 (P value 0.88) and transverse diameter 0.00 (P value 0.98). There may be a relationship between splenic artery tortuosity and female sex, but not with age, BMI and abdominal cavity diameters (AP and Transverse).

El conocimiento del curso y la morfología de la arteria esplénica puede ayudar al médico a proporcionar un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno al paciente. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar si existe una relación entre el índice de tortuosidad de la arteria esplénica y la edad, el sexo, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y los diámetros de la cavidad abdominal. Se tomaron imágenes retrospectivas, de rutina, de 219 pacientes de tomografía computarizada (TC) abdominal. Se calculó el índice de tortuosidad de la arteria esplénica. Se midieron los diámetros de la cavidad abdominal y se registró la edad, sexo y el IMC. La media de la longitud recta de la arteria esplénica (x) fue de 9,41 cm (DE 1,33). La longitud tortuosa de la arteria esplénica fue de 15,15 cm (DE 3,31). La media del índice de tortuosidad de la arteria esplénica fue de 1,63 (DE 0,36). El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para el índice de tortuosidad de la arteria esplénica vs. edad fue: 0,02 (valor de P 0,80). El índice de tortuosidad de la arteria esplénica para las mujeres frente a los hombres fue de 1,70 frente a 1,57 (valor de P 0,01). El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para el índice de tortuosidad de la arteria esplénica versus el IMC fue de 0,02 (valor de P 0,75). El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para el índice de tortuosidad de la arteria esplénica frente a los diámetros de la cavidad abdominal fue: diámetro anterior-posterior (AP) -0,01 (valor P 0,88) y diámetro transversal 0,00 (valor P 0,98). Puede existir una relación entre la tortuosidad de la arteria esplénica y el sexo femenino, sin embargo no se encontró relación con la edad, el IMC y los diámetros de la cavidad abdominal (AP y transversal).

High-frequency ultrasonic manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis in children / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective: To observe the high-frequency ultrasonic manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis in children. Methods: High-frequency ultrasonic findings of 26 children aged from 28 days to 16 years with abdominal tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: High-frequency ultrasound detected extensive bowel wall thickening and parietal peritoneal inhomogeneity thickening in 20 and 24 cases, respectively. Fifteen cases were found with abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes enlargement, 10 with multiple cystic masses with poor sound transmission, 2 with liver and spleen enlargement, 2 with single kidney volume increase, 8 with large amount peritoneal effusion, 4 with moderate and 14 with small amount of peritoneal effusion. No special audio-visual change of pancreas was observed. Conclusion: Abdominal tuberculosis in children mainly present proliferation and caseous lesions, which have high-frequency ultrasonic manifestations with certain specificities being helpful to early diagnosis.

Útero didelfo como causa de ruptura uterina espontánea. Reporte de un caso / Didelphys uterus as a cause of spontaneous uterine rupture. A case report

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: Las malformaciones müllerianas son un grupo de alteraciones congénitas que resultan del inadecuado desarrollo de los conductos de Müller durante la embriogénesis. El 25% de las mujeres con malformaciones müllerianas tiene problemas obstétricos. La rotura espontánea del útero didelfo durante el embarazo es un accidente poco frecuente y de difícil diagnóstico. La importancia del estudio de estas malformaciones radica en las posibilidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas, además del pronóstico reproductivo de las pacientes. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 27 años, acudió a consulta por dolor abdominal intenso súbito. A la exploración física se encontraron: tensión arterial de 90-50 mmHg, palidez cutáneo-mucosa, hipotensión e hipotermia, abdomen doloroso, fondo uterino no delimitable y datos de irritación peritoneal; cuello uterino cerrado, sin sangrado transvaginal. En la ecografía: feto único extrauterino, con ausencia de actividad cardiaca, de 21.2 semanas de gestación y líquido libre en la cavidad abdominal. La laparotomía exploradora reportó: útero didelfo con ruptura uterina, por lo que se procedió a la metroplastia de Strassman, con resultados satisfactorios. CONCLUSIÓN: Aún con la escasa frecuencia de estos casos siempre será conveniente tenerlos en mente en el diagnóstico diferencial de mujeres embarazadas que en el segundo trimestre manifiestan dolor abdominal. Este caso sirve como precedente para la atención y tratamiento temprano, con la intención de evitar complicaciones, como la ruptura uterina.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mullerian malformations are a group of congenital pathologies resulting from from an inadequate development of the Mullerian ducts during embryogenesis. The 25% of women with mullerian malformations have obstetric problems. Spontaneous rupture of the didelphys uterus during pregnancy is a rare and difficult- to- diagnose accident. The fundamental importance of the study of these malformations lies in the various diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities employed, in addition to the improvement in the reproductive prognosis of the patients. CLINICAL CASE: 27-year-old patient, who starts suddenly with severe abdominal pain. She arrives at the emergency department with blood pressure of 90/50 mmHg, pale-mucous paleness, coldness, hypotension and hypothermia, painful abdomen, non-delimitable uterine fundus, with data of peritoneal irritation; closed cervix, without transvaginal bleeding. On ultrasound: single extrauterine fetus, with absence of cardiac activity, 21.2 weeks, presence of free fluid in abdominal cavity. An exploratory laparotomy is performed by finding a didelphys uterus with uterine rupture and a Strassman metroplasty is performed. CONCLUSION: Despite the low frequency of the clinical case presented, we believe that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pregnant women with abdominal pain in the second trimester. Likewise, we consider it important to make it known to contribute to early approach and treatment, avoiding complications such as uterine rupture.

Salpingooforectomía bilateral profiláctica en pacientes con BRCA1 o BRCA2 / Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia, factores clínicos o epidemiológicos de cáncer oculto en pacientes BRCA1 o BRCA2 operadas para salpingooforectomía bilateral profiláctica. Evaluar las complicaciones quirúrgicas en las cirugías laparoscópicas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en el Hospital Gregorio Marañón entre 2012 y 2018. Se revisaron las salpingooforectomías bilaterales profilácticas practicadas a pacientes con mutaciones confirmadas BRCA1 o 2, no diagnosticadas previamente de cáncer de ovario o trompa. Las principales variables analizadas fueron: antecedentes familiares, edad, índice de masa corporal, hábito tabáquico, mutación genética, cirugías abdominales previas, cáncer de mama, fecha de la cirugía, tiempo quirúrgico, tipo de cirugía, técnica de entrada a la cavidad abdominal y complicaciones quirúrgicas. El análisis estadístico se efectuó con SPSS 17.0. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 59 pacientes. La prevalencia de cáncer oculto fue 5 de 59. La edad media de las pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer oculto en el momento de la cirugía fue 47.8 años. Se encontró antecedente de cáncer de mama en 43 de las 59 pacientes; en este subgrupo se encontró cáncer oculto en 2 pacientes. En el subgrupo sin antecedente de cáncer de mama, la frecuencia fue 3 de 16. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos (p = 0.118). Todas las pacientes a quienes se diagnosticó cáncer oculto, salvo una, eran fumadoras. La tasa de complicaciones intraoperatorias fue 2 de 51 y 1 de 51 las postoperatorias CONCLUSIONES: Las pacientes con BRCA1 o BRCA2 son un grupo de alto riesgo oncológico que requiere seguimiento y asesoramiento específicos en unidades especializadas de hospitales de tercer nivel de atención.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of occult cancer in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 patients undergoing prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. To determine associated clinical or epidemiological factors. To evaluate surgical complications in surgeries performed via laparoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study conducted at the Gregorio Marañón hospital between 2012 and 2018. Review of prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomies performed in patients with confirmed BRCA1 and/or 2 mutations and not previously diagnosed with ovarian and/or fallopian cancer. Main variables: family history, age, body mass index, smoking habit, genetic mutation, previous abdominal surgeries, breast cancer, surgery date, surgical time, type of surgery, technique of the entrance to the abdominal cavity, surgical complications. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: 59 patients were included. The prevalence of occult cancer was 5/59. The average age (at the time of surgery) of patients diagnosed with occult cancer was 47.8 years. 43/59 had a history of breast cancer; in this group occult cancer was found in two patients. In the group with no history of breast cancer, frequency of occult cancer was 3/16. No statistically significant differences were found between both groups (p = 0.118). All patients diagnosed with occult cancer, except one, were smokers. The rate of intraoperative complications was 2/51 and 1/51 postoperative. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations are a group of high cancer risk that require specific monitoring and advice in specialized units of third level hospitals.

The therapeutic experience of blunt pancreatic trauma / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To summarize the experience of treatment for blunt pancreatic trauma.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 52 patients with blunt pancreatic trauma admitted to the Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2013 to June 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 40 male and 12 female patients, aging from 12 to 112 years with a median age of 35.5 years.According to the organ injury scale by American Association for the Surgery of Trauma(AAST) for pancreatic injury severity, 15 cases were in grade Ⅰ(28.8%), 20 cases were in grade Ⅱ(38.5%), 10 cases were in grade Ⅲ(19.2%),5 cases were in grade Ⅳ(9.6%) and 2 cases were in grade Ⅴ(3.8%). Isolated blunt pancreatic trauma occurred in 11(21.2%) patients including 5 cases of grade Ⅰ,5 cases of grade Ⅱ and 1 case of grade Ⅲ, and associated injuries existed in 41 patients(78.8%).@*Results@#Among 52 patients, 36 patients(69.2%) were transferred from other hospitals and 16(30.8%) patients were admitted through the emergency department. Finally, 49 patients(94.2%) were cured and 3 patients (5.8%) died.For the 15 cases of grade Ⅰ,9 patients were managed non-operatively, 5 cases underwent peritoneal lavage and drainage after surgery for the other injured abdominal organs, and 1 patient received percutaneous catheter drainage(PCD) with non-operative treatment. For the 20 cases of grade Ⅱ,4 cases only received non-operative treatment and 2 cases also received PCD. Besides, 2 cases underwent debridement and drainage for peripancreatic necrotic tissue and external drainage for pancreatic pseudocyst retrospectively after about 25 days of getting injured. As for patients who received exploratory laparotomy, 5 patients underwent suture repair associated with external drainage, and 7 patients were managed only with external drainage. For the 10 cases of grade Ⅲ,6 patients were cured through distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy with external drainage, while 2 patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and ductal stenting, and the other 2 patients just received debridement and drainage for peripancreatic necrotic tissue.For the 5 cases of grade Ⅳ,2 patients underwent jejunostomy and abdominal cavity drainage, 1 patient had a pancreaticoduodenectomy with drainage,1 patient received suture repair of the pancreas and pancreaticojejunostomy, and 1 patient was managed with suture repair of the head of pancreas and external drainage.For the 2 patients of grade Ⅴ,1 patient received exploratory laparotomy and gauze compression packing hemostasis, and the other patient underwent pancreaticoduodenal repair, gastrointestinal anastomosis, duodenal exclusion surgery and external drainage.@*Conclusion@#According to the AAST classifications, associated injuries, physiological status and intraoperative situation, it could be better to make a comprehensive judgment, achieve early diagnosis and take appropriate individualized treatment strategy, and to improve the overall therapeutic effect for blunt pancreatic trauma.

Aspectos anatómicos y técnicos de la cirugia de citorredución de cáncer de ovario en abdomen superior / Anatomical and technical aspects of debulking surgery for ovarian cancer in the upper abdomen

RESUMEN El Cáncer de Ovario Epitelial es la novena causa de cáncer en la mujer y la neoplasia ginecológica más letal en países desarrollados. La mayoría de las pacientes son diagnosticadas en etapa avanzada de la enfermedad debido a la ausencia de síntomas específicos. La cirugía y la quimioterapia cumplen un rol fundamental en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. En pacientes con enfermedad avanzada (estadios III - IV) al momento del diagnóstico, la extirpación de todo tumor macroscópico (citorreducción óptima) ha demostrado ser el factor pronóstico más importante, demostrando un beneficio tanto en tiempo libre de enfermedad como en sobrevida global. Nuestro objetivo es describir, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria, los aspectos técnicos más relevantes de la citorreducción del abdomen superior para aquellas pacientes con neoplasias de origen ginecológico.

ABSTRACT Epithelial Ovarian cancer is the ninth most frequent cancer in women and the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. The majority of patients are diagnosed in advanced stage of the disease due to the lack of specific symptoms. Surgery and systemic treatment play a key role in the treatment of this disease. For those patients with advanced stage at the time of diagnosis (III - IV), removal of all macroscopic disease (optimal cytoreduction) has been shown as the most important prognostic factor, demonstrating improvement not only in progression free survival but also in overall survival. Our aim is to describe, in a multidisciplinary fashion, the most relevant aspect about oncological debulking procedures in the upper abdominal cavity for women with gynecological malignancies.

Development of Abdominal Vacuum Extractor Characterized by Portability and Constant Negative Pressure Which Applying to Battlefield / 中国医疗器械杂志

There are some problems such as difficulty of pressure control, inconvenience of use and carry, congested easily and dredged hardly in clinical application of vacuum extractor in common use. For solving the above problems, researchers have designed a new portable and pressure stabilized abdominal drainage system which was composed of integral double spherical aspirator and separated double cannula. The new apparatus has achieved good effects in drainage which is suitable for not only rescuing of abdominal trauma and war wound, but also abdominal surgery that manifested as sucking safe and effective, using easily and convenient, that was verified by testing.

The effect of double butterfly wings raised platform fixed method in abdominal cavity drainage tube observation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the use double butterfly wings raised platform method for patients with fixed effects of abdominal cavity drainage tube. Methods For the treatment of gynecological surgery in the hospital and abdominal cavity drainage tube of the clinical data of 245 patients were analyzed, and on October 31, 2016 as the cut-off time was divided into the control group of 119 cases and observation group of 126 cases in control group were treated by conventional methods for abdominal cavity drainage tube, observation group of patients with double butterfly wings raised platform in the abdominal cavity drainage tube was fixed, and comparative analysis of two groups patients with abdominal cavity drainage tube drainage effect, pull the pain caused by fixed effects, and the drainage tube. Results The observation group and the control group there was no statistically significant difference total indwelling time, pain score, to observe group posted time (2.00±1.36), respectively (3.00± 0.62), the control group, respectively (5.00 ± 1.89), (0.35 ± 0.05) points, two groups compare the difference was statistically significant (t=7.883,3.457, P<0.01), the observation group without pipe of 100.0％(126/126), the control group without pipe of 89.9％(107/119), part of the pipe of 7.6％(9/119), completely pipe of 2.5％ (3/119), two groups compare the difference was statistically significant (Z=-15.305, P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with the conventional abdominal cavity drainage tube fixed method, double butterfly wings raised platform method fixed abdominal cavity drainage tube fixed effect is better, can significantly ease the pain of patients suffer, saved the time nursing.

Effects of inhibiting peritoneal macrophage caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 on inflammatory reaction of severe acute pancreatitis in rats / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9)expression in peritoneal macrophages on severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)in rats and its mechanism.Methods A total of 60 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control group(n=6), SAP group(n=18),small interfering RNA(siRNA)control group(n=18)and siRNA CARD9 group (n=18).SAP rat models were established.At three,six and twelve hours after the models were established,ascites was collected,peritoneum was lavaged and peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured.The expressions of CARD9,nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MA PK)at mRNA level in peritoneal macrophages was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6 in peripheral blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).LSD or Tamhane′s T2 methods were performed for statistical analysis.Results At three,six and twelve hours after the models were established,CA RD9 mRNA levels of peritoneal macrophages in SAP group were 1.63 ± 0.05,1.68 ± 0.24 and 2.61 ± 0.02,respectively,which were all higher than that of control group(1.01 ± 0.23),and the differences were statistically significant(t=25.97,6.86 and 131.59;all P<0.05);the levels of CA RD9 mRNA of siRNA CARD9 group were 1.45 ± 0.02,1.24 ± 0.03 and 1.63 ± 0.03,respectively,which were lower than that of SAP group at the same time points,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-7.81,-4.46 and -62.13;all P< 0.05).At three,six and twelve hours after the models were established,the mRNA levels of NF-κB and p38MA PK of peritoneal macrophages of rats in SAP group were 1.51 ± 0.08,1.81 ± 0.10,2.30 ± 0.05 and 1.37 ± 0.13,1.69 ± 0.18,2.42 ± 0.23,respectively, which were higher than those of control group(1.00 ± 0.01,1.03 ± 0.08),and the differences were statistically significant(tNF-κB=15.10,19.95 and 60.36;tp38MAPK=5.37,8.34 and 14.11;all P<0.05);the levels of N F-κB mRNA in siRNA CARD9 group were 1.38 ± 0.05,1.57 ± 0.06 and 1.76 ± 0.09, respectively,which were lower than that of SAP group at the same time points,and the differences were statistically significant(t= -3.32,-5.07 and -12.70;all P<0.05).At six and twelve hours after the models were established,the p38MA PK mRNA levels of siRNA CARD9 group were 1.50 ± 0.10 and 2.00 ± 0.09,respectively,which were lower than that of SAP group,and the differences were statistically significantly(t= -2.30 and -4.17,both P< 0.05).At three,six and twelve hours after the models were established,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in peripheral blood of SAP group were(53.49 ± 21.64)pg/mL,(108.62 ± 22.76)pg/mL and(139.00 ± 15.35)pg/mL;(43.86 ± 18.30)pg/mL, (87.51 ± 17.10)pg/mL and(117.27 ± 14.57)pg/mL;(78.38 ± 32.70)pg/mL,(156.39 ± 30.56)pg/mL and(209.56 ± 26.09)pg/mL,respectively,which were higher than those of control group((2.79 ± 1.17),(7.13 ± 4.52),(12.73 ± 8.08)pg/mL),and the differences were statistically significant(tTNF-α=5.73,11.37 and 21.69;tIL-1β=4.77,11.13 and 17.68;tIL-6=4.77,11.32 and 17.68;all P<0.05).At six and twelve hours after the models were established,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 of siRNA CARD9 group were(75.73 ± 16.93)pg/mL,(108.23 ± 14.02)pg/mL;(63.05 ± 11.98)pg/mL, (91.56 ± 14.28)pg/mL and(112.67 ± 21.40)pg/mL,(163.62 ± 25.51)pg/mL,respectively,which were lower than those of SAP group,and the differences were statistically significant(tTNF-α= -2.84,-3.63;tIL-1β= -2.88,-3.09;tIL-6= -2.88,-3.09;all P< 0.05).Conclusions There are CARD9-related NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways in peritoneal macrophages of SAP rats.Intervention of the expression of CARD9 in peritoneal macrophages,especially at early stage of SAP may relieve the inflammation reaction and pancreatic injury,which may provide a new method for SAP treatment.

Value of intracavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasound via abdomen in fistulas difficult to diagnose before operation / 中国医师杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of intra-cavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasound (IC-CEUS) via abdomen in fistulas difficult to diagnose before operation.Methods Clinical data of 12 patients with preoperative clinical suspicion of Crohn's Disease (CD) complications of fistula were enrolled in the study.Colonoscopy,cystoscope,or CT/MR has not confirmed the diagnosis of intra abdominal fistulas.IC-CEUS were performed by locally-injection of contrast agent in abdominal abscess,observing fistula and the relationship with the adjacent organs in CEUS mode.Diagnostic criteria were surgical findings.Results Fistulas in 10 patients were detected by IC-CEUS,including 7 cases of Ileo-mesenteric fistuls,2 cases of il eo-vesical fistulas,and 1 case of colo-vesical fistula.The accuracy rate of IC-CEUS in diagnosis of fistulas difficult to diagnose before operation in Crohn's disease was 83.3％ (10/12).No severe adverse events occurred during and after IC-CEUS procedure.Conclusions Our preliminary study shows that IC-CEUS is feasible in detecting abdominal fistula with high accuracy.It might be used as the alternative imaging tech nique for detecting fistulas when CT and MR are insufficient.

A Case of May-Thurner Syndrome with Extensive Deep Vein Thrombosis and Extraperitoneal Hematoma from Spontaneous Utero-ovarian Vein Rupture

May-Thurner syndrome, also known as iliac vein compression syndrome, is an anatomically variable condition that is characterized by left common iliac vein compression by the right common iliac artery and the lumbar vertebra. This chronic and pulsatile venous compression by the right common iliac artery can cause local intimal injury, inflammation, scarring, and fibrosis, leading to venous outflow obstruction and increased intraluminal pressure. This can cause several complications, such as venous insufficiency, venous claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and very rarely extraperitoneal hematoma due to spontaneous iliac vein rupture. In particular, in middle aged women, hormonal imbalance coupled with these mechanical and inflammatory factors can cause further weakening of the venous wall integrity and develop spontaneous and potentially lethal venous rupture. This paper reports an extremely rare case of a 58-year-old woman with May-Thurner syndrome with acute and extensive deep vein thrombosis of the left lower extremity and a spontaneous extraperitoneal hematoma caused by utero-ovarian vein rupture.

Fetus in fetu: reporte de caso / Fetus in fetu: case report

El feto en el feto es una condición poco frecuente, con menos de 200 casos notificados hasta la fecha. Se localiza principalmente en el peritoneo retro; Pero puede ocurrir en otros niveles. El tratamiento es siempre quirúrgico y la detección temprana y la extracción permiten la mejoría clínica y el desarrollo exitoso del niño afectado. Presentamos el caso de un bebé de 18 meses que es llevado por su madre a la cita médica debido al bajo peso para esa edad. En el examen físico, el médico encontró masa en el hipocondrio izquierdo y el epigastrio y se solicitó una ecografía abdominal total. El ultrasonido reporta hallazgos relacionados con la hidronefrosis derecha y la urografía excretora y una TC con contraste revela el parásito fetal localizado en el peritoneo retro. El niño es llevado a cirugía para lisis de adherencias peritoneales, resección de tumor retroperitoneal y ureterólisis nefropexia. Después de esto, el bebé presentó buena evolución. La detección temprana de estos casos es necesaria para permitir un buen desarrollo del niño; Pero esto parte de una buena atención médica, que permite su identificación y tratamiento.

Fetus in fetu is a rare condition, which has fewer than 200 cases reported to date. It is mainly located in the retro peritoneum; but it can occur at other levels. Treatment is always surgical and early detection and extraction allows clinical improvement and the successful development of the affected child. We report the case of an 18 month infant who is carried by her mother to medical appointment due to low weight for that age. In the physical exam, doctor found mass in the left hypochondrium and epigastrium and a total abdominal ultrasound is requested. Ultrasound reports findings relating to right hydronephrosis, and excretory urography and a CT with contrast reveals fetus parasite located in retro peritoneum. The infant is taken to surgery for lysis of peritoneal adhesions, resection of retroperitoneal tumor, and ureterolysis nephropexy. After this, the infant presented good evolution. Early detection of these cases is necessary to allow a good development of the child; but this begins from a good medical care, that allows its identification and treatment.

The clinical features,curative effect and prognosis factors analysis in 58 patients with advanced ovarian cancer after intraperitoneal metastases / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and the influence factors of prognosis of ad -vanced ovarian cancer patients after abdominal metastases .Methods We retrospectively analyzed 65 cases dur-ing January 2013 to January 2016 in the First People′s Hospital of Tianmen .The patients were diagnosed clearly with pathological ,diagnosed for the first time and has the complete clinical data including peritoneal metastases in 58 cases,which were analyzed for single factor and multiple factors of influencing factors survival analysis .Results 58 cases of patients with diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis in ovarian cancer that the average is (49.2 ±6.5), from ovarian cancer diagnosis to abdominal metastases for an average time of 11 months,ovarian cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis of the median survival time was 8 weeks,but 7 cases without abdominal metastases that the median survival time was 15 weeks.The single factor survival curves(Kaplan-meier)showed that marital sta-tus,reproductive history,history of breastfeeding,malignant ascites,neoadjuvant chemotherapy,comprehensive treatment(chemotherapy and tumor cells to destroy the loss and laparotomy abdominal hot perfusion chemothera -py) ,peritoneal metastasis tumor number ,residual lesion size ,quality of life in patients with residual lesions ( KPS scores),D-dimer level in plasma and urine trace albumin levels related to the prognosis of patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with advanced ovarian cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis survival time is shorter , and also company with poor prognosis;Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined tumor cells to destroy the loss and postoperative intraperitoneal hot perfusion chemotherapy ,short-term curative effect is good ,it can not only im-prove the advanced ovarian cancer treatment effectiveness ,but also improve the quality of life in patients of late phase.The D -dimer level in plasma and urine trace albumin levels before treatment have remained in the pa-tients with high level or not reduce ,treatment effect and prognosis was poor .These can be used as a new index of judging prognosis .